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bugs - Series expansion wrong


I had to work with some series expansions lately, and at some point I realised that something was becoming inconsistent at some point. It seems that applying Factor broke my series expansions. Here's a minimal example extracted from my computations.


Consider the following expression



test =   Sqrt[1/(1 - x)] (Sqrt[1/(1 - x)] + 1) + 1;

Now look at those series expansions of test around x=1:


ser1 = Series[test // Factor, {x, 1, -1}]
ser2 = Series[test, {x, 1, -1}]

Not only are ser1 and ser2 different, but what's worse is that


ser2 - ser1

gives 1/(x-1) + O(x-1)^0. At this point I would have expected O(x-1)^0, how come Factor can break a series expansion so much? Is this sort of behaviour a feature or a bug?




The problem seems to be in ser2, if one looks at List@@ser2 one realises that ser2 is saved as a0+O(x-1)^2 with a0 containing x, this seems to be the root of all evil.


Interestingly, if one alters test to


test =   1/Sqrt[(1 - x)] (1/Sqrt[(1 - x)] + 1) + 1;

which is really not much of a change, one obtains a different result. Given this instability, I don't know how I should trust the series expansions at all.



Here's a similar, but more subtle computation, which leads to two different results. Let's add 1/(1-x) to test


test =  1/(1 - x) + 1/Sqrt[1 - x] (1/Sqrt[1 - x] + 1) + 1;
ser1 = Series[test // Factor, {x, 1, -1}];

ser2 = Series[test, {x, 1, -1}];

and compute


Limit[(1 - x) ser1, x -> 1] (* = 2 *)
Limit[(1 - x) ser2, x -> 1] (* = 1 *)

In a realistic scenario test would be much more complicated, and I wouldn't compute both ser1 and ser2 and then compare, but just one of them. So there's a 50/50 chance that I'd obtain a wrong result without being aware of it.



Mathematica Version : 11.1 .0 .0


Platform : Mac OS X x86 (32-bit, 64-bit kernel)





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