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differential equations - NDSolve - sampling for result during the computation


I am using NDSolve for a Langevin dynamics problem. I want to the know long term behaviour of my system ($t>1$) but it has to be simulated with very small time steps ($dt\sim 10^{-9}$). An example code:


R[t_Real]:= RandomVariate[NormalDistribution[0,1]]

NDSolve[

  {(-x''[t] - k1*x'[t] + k2*R[t])==0, x[0]==0, x'[0]==0} //.values,
  x,
  {t, 0, 10},
  StartingStepSize-> 10^-9,
  Method->{"FixedStep",Method->"ExplicitEuler"},
  MaxSteps->\[Infinity]
]

The Problem: My computer runs out memory when trying to store $10^{10}$ data points necessary for this computation. Is there a way to sample and store only a small subset of all the integration points?



Answer




You can have NDSolve do the integration but not save the results (set second argument to {}). Then use EvaluationMonitor to save points at whatever interval dt you please. This uses much less memory; in fact for dt = 10^-2, the memory use is negligible for the settings below.


Since parameters were not given by the OP, I used the simplest choices. Also, waiting for ten billion steps seemed silly for a proof-of-concept trial, so I lengthened the step size.


MaxMemoryUsed[]

SeedRandom[1];
R[t_Real] := RandomVariate[NormalDistribution[0, 1]];
values = {k1 -> 1, k2 -> 1};

lastt = -1;
dt = 10^-2;


{foo, {pts}} = 
  Reap@NDSolve[{(-x''[t] - k1*x'[t] + k2*R[t]) == 0, x[0] == 0, x'[0] == 0} /. values,
    {}, {t, 0, 10}, 
    StartingStepSize -> 10^-5, 
    Method -> {"FixedStep", Method -> "ExplicitEuler"}, MaxSteps -> ∞,
    EvaluationMonitor :> If[t >= lastt + dt, lastt = t; Sow[{t, x[t]}]]
    ];
sol = Interpolation[pts];


MaxMemoryUsed[]

Plot[sol[t], {t, 0, 10}]

(* 37243360 *)

(* 37243360 *)

Mathematica graphics


When the integral x is requested, the memory use by NDSolve is significantly higher:



MaxMemoryUsed[]

SeedRandom[1];
R[t_Real] := RandomVariate[NormalDistribution[0, 1]];
values = {k1 -> 1, k2 -> 1};

lastt = -1;
dt = 10^-2;

{foo, {pts}} = 

  Reap@NDSolve[{(-x''[t] - k1*x'[t] + k2*R[t]) == 0, x[0] == 0, x'[0] == 0} /. values,
    x, {t, 0, 10}, 
    StartingStepSize -> 10^-5, 
    Method -> {"FixedStep", Method -> "ExplicitEuler"}, MaxSteps -> ∞,
    EvaluationMonitor :> If[t >= lastt + dt, lastt = t; Sow[{t, x[t]}]]
    ];
sol = Interpolation[pts];

MaxMemoryUsed[]


Plot[x[t] /. First[foo] // Evaluate, {t, 0, 10}]

(* 37243360 *)

(* 127874624 *)

Mathematica graphics


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