Skip to main content

differential equations - How to use NDSolve with moving boundary conditions?


So I am trying to solve the movement in space and time of a spreading gravity current. The interface satisfies the following PDE:



$ \frac{\partial h}{\partial t} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}\left(h^3 \frac{\partial h}{\partial x}\right) $.


The nose, $h(x,t) = 0$, of the current can move forward in space. If we say the initial condition is $h(x,0) = 1-x$, then the nose, $x_N$ is initially at $x = 1$. The base of the current can be fixed at $h(0,t) = 1$. So I have one IC and one BC, I need another BC to close the system. Now, as time moves forward the nose (fixed at h = 0) propagates according to the expression:


$\int_0^{x_N} h \, dx = \frac{1}{2} + t$


or kinematically $\dot{x_N} = -h^2 h_x$.


Clearly the second boundary condition in $x$ needs to come from the nose condition, but I have no idea how to input an integral boundary condition or the kinematic condition. Secondly, I have no idea how to deal with xmax in NDSolve as clearly my xmax is moving forward with each time step.


Here is my attempt, which gives a "There are fewer dependent variables error"


NDSolve[{D[h[x, t], t] == D[h[x, t]^3 D[h[x, t], x], x], h[0, t] == 1,
h[x, 0] == 1 - x (D[h[x, t], t] /. x -> 1) == -h[x, t]^2 (D[h[x, t], x] /.
x -> 1)}, h, {x, 0, 1}, {t, 0, 1}]


EDIT


So I solved this problem by amending the code in this Stefan problem post. I modified the statement of the problem slightly to work more closely to @ybeltukov excellent solution, and actually solved the following system:


$ \frac{\partial h}{\partial t} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}\left(h^3 \frac{\partial h}{\partial x}\right) \\ \dot{s} = -h^2 h_x \\ s(0) = 0 \\ h(x,0) = \begin{cases}1 \quad \text{for } x = 0 \\ 0 \quad \text{otherwise}\end{cases} \\ h(s(t),t) = 0 \\ h(0,t) = 1 $.


I made the same change to a normalised variable for my PDE and then amended finite difference code:


n = 100;
\[Delta]\[Xi] = 1./n;

ClearAll[dv, t];
dv[v_List] :=
With[{s = First@v, u = Rest@v},

With[{ds = u[[-1]]^3/(s \[Delta]\[Xi]), \[Xi] = N@Range[n - 1]/n,
d1 = ListCorrelate[{-0.5, 0, 0.5}/\[Delta]\[Xi], #] &,
d2 = ListCorrelate[{1, -2, 1}/\[Delta]\[Xi]^2, #] &},
Prepend[3 u^2 d1[#]^2/s^2 + u^3 d2[#]/s^2 + \[Xi] ds d1[#]/s &@
Join[{1}, u, {0.}], ds]]];
s0 = 0.001;
v0 = Flatten@Prepend[ConstantArray[0.001, n - 2], {s0, 1.}];
sol = NDSolve[{v'[t] == dv[v[t]], v[0] == v0}, v, {t, 0, 50}][[1, 1,
2]];


Returning from the normalised variable is identical code.


You can then make a nice time series with this code:


ListAnimate[
Table[Plot[u[t, x], {x, 0, 10}, PlotRange -> {{0, 10}, {0, 3}}], {t,
0, 50, 0.1}]]

Which returns a spreading current as desired.


Spreading viscous gravity current




Comments

Popular posts from this blog

plotting - How to draw lines between specified dots on ListPlot?

I would like to create a plot where I have unconnected dots and some connected. So far, I have figured out how to draw the dots. My code is the following: ListPlot[{{1, 1}, {2, 2}, {3, 3}, {4, 4}, {1, 4}, {2, 5}, {3, 6}, {4, 7}, {1, 7}, {2, 8}, {3, 9}, {4, 10}, {1, 10}, {2, 11}, {3, 12}, {4,13}, {2.5, 7}}, Ticks -> {{1, 2, 3, 4}, None}, AxesStyle -> Thin, TicksStyle -> Directive[Black, Bold, 12], Mesh -> Full] I have thought using ListLinePlot command, but I don't know how to specify to the command to draw only selected lines between the dots. Do have any suggestions/hints on how to do that? Thank you. Answer One possibility would be to use Epilog with Line : ListPlot[ {{1, 1}, {2, 2}, {3, 3}, {4, 4}, {1, 4}, {2, 5}, {3, 6}, {4, 7}, {1, 7}, {2, 8}, {3, 9}, {4, 10}, {1, 10}, {2, 11}, {3, 12}, {4, 13}, {2.5, 7}}, Ticks -> {{1, 2, 3, 4}, None}, AxesStyle -> Thin, TicksStyle -> Directive[Black, Bold, 12], Mesh -> Full, Epilog -> { Line[ ...

dynamic - How can I make a clickable ArrayPlot that returns input?

I would like to create a dynamic ArrayPlot so that the rectangles, when clicked, provide the input. Can I use ArrayPlot for this? Or is there something else I should have to use? Answer ArrayPlot is much more than just a simple array like Grid : it represents a ranged 2D dataset, and its visualization can be finetuned by options like DataReversed and DataRange . These features make it quite complicated to reproduce the same layout and order with Grid . Here I offer AnnotatedArrayPlot which comes in handy when your dataset is more than just a flat 2D array. The dynamic interface allows highlighting individual cells and possibly interacting with them. AnnotatedArrayPlot works the same way as ArrayPlot and accepts the same options plus Enabled , HighlightCoordinates , HighlightStyle and HighlightElementFunction . data = {{Missing["HasSomeMoreData"], GrayLevel[ 1], {RGBColor[0, 1, 1], RGBColor[0, 0, 1], GrayLevel[1]}, RGBColor[0, 1, 0]}, {GrayLevel[0], GrayLevel...

list manipulation - Selecting multiple columns from a matrix?

Sample data: data = { {{2013, 1, 1}, 24.13, 167.67, 231.82}, {{2013, 1, 2}, 32.15, 170.92, 225.99}, {{2013, 1, 3}, 35.43, 172.68, 221.67}, {{2013, 1, 4}, 36.73, 173.05, 218.32}, {{2013, 1, 5}, 58.19, 165.96, 197.05}, {{2013, 1, 6}, 69.99, 163.50, 187.52}, {{2013, 1, 7}, 71.37, 154.21, 175.58}, {{2013, 1, 8}, 72.51, 149.66, 163.25}}; I want a DateListPlot with three graphs, so for a matrix formed by columns 1 and 2, one for columns 1 and 3, and 1 for columns 1 and 4. At the moment I'm using this code: data2 = Transpose[{data[[All, 1]], data[[All, 2]]}]; data3 = Transpose[{data[[All, 1]], data[[All, 3]]}]; data4 = Transpose[{data[[All, 1]], data[[All, 4]]}]; DateListPlot[{data2, data3, data4}, Joined -> True, Filling -> {3 -> {1}}] but I have a hunch that this can be done more efficiently. I don't like the Transpose s in particular. Any ideas? edit (for extra credit) What if I need to multiply the second column by 2, which in my solution is simp...