Skip to main content

factorization - Find the a factor of an integer which is nearest to another integer


If I know two integers n and m and m<n, how can I find two different integers x and y that are nearest to m, and satisfy Mod[n,x]==Mod[n,y]==0 ?


For example,


f[720,8] ==> {8,9}
f[720,20] ==> {18,20}

If n is small, we can brute force to test whether an integer is a factor of n, and find the nearest two of the factors:



twoNear[n_Integer, m_Integer] := Module[{ls, sortls},
ls = Select[Range[1, n], Mod[n, #] == 0 &];
sortls = Sort[Transpose[{ls - m, ls}], Abs[#1[[1]]] < Abs[#2[[1]]] &];
Sort@sortls[[1 ;; 2, 2]]
]

twoNear[720,8]
twoNear[720,20]
(*{8, 9}*)
(*{18, 20}*)


but how to deal with problems such as n=20!, m=1*^9 , n=40!,m=1*^20 ?



Answer



My lucky day (night). I get to take my own answer which was of dubious value here and basically repurpose it to give a good response to this question.


We set this up as a mixed linear program by trying to get sums of logs of factors as close to m as possible, subject to coefficients being nonnegative integers that do not exceed the powers of the corresponding factors. There is an added complication in that we need not just the optimal value but also the next best.


So here we go.


nearDivisors[n_, m_] := Module[
{fax = FactorInteger[n], prec, logs, maxes, len, c, coeffs, c1, c2,
c3, diff, epsilon, constraints, vars, min, vals, res1, res2, res3,
newproblems, equalities, best},

prec = Max[20, Log[10., m]];
logs = Log[N[fax[[All, 1]], prec]];
maxes = fax[[All, 2]];
len = Length[fax];
coeffs = Array[c, len];
c1 = Table[0 <= c[j] <= maxes[[j]], {j, len}];
diff = coeffs.logs - Log[m];
c2 = {diff <= epsilon, -diff <= epsilon};
c3 = Element[coeffs, Integers];
constraints = Join[c1, c2, {c3}];

vars = Join[coeffs, {epsilon}];
{min, vals} = FindMinimum[{epsilon, constraints}, vars];
res1 = Round[Exp[coeffs.logs /. vals]];
vals = coeffs /. vals;
newproblems = Flatten[Table[
equalities = Table[c[k] == vals[[k]], {k, j - 1}];
{Join[constraints, equalities, {c[j] <= vals[[j]] - 1}],
Join[constraints, equalities, {c[j] >= vals[[j]] + 1}]}
, {j, len}], 1];
best = Infinity;

Do[min =
Quiet[FindMinimum[{epsilon, newproblems[[j]]}, vars,
WorkingPrecision -> prec]];
If[Head[min] =!= FindMinimum,
If[min[[1]] < best,
best = min[[1]];
res2 = Round[Exp[coeffs.logs /. min[[2]]]];
]
], {j, Length[newproblems]}];
{res1, res2}

]

Here are the now-standard benchmark tests. We also check that we used adequate precision so that we can accurately recover the results.


Timing[ndsmall = nearDivisors[20!, 10^9]]

(* Out[967]= {1.840000, {999949860, 1000194048}} *)

20!/ndsmall

(* Out[968]= {2433024000, 2432430000} *)


Timing[ndmiddle = nearDivisors[30!, 10^9]]

(* Out[971]= {20.350000, {999949860, 1000065000}} *)

30!/ndmiddle

(* Out[972]= {265266160257466368000000, 265235619496923758592000} *)

Now we get ambitious.



Timing[ndbig = nearDivisors[40!, 10^20]]

(* Out[969]= {41.020000, {99999622686575390625, 100000079233442099712}} *)

40!/ndbig

(* Out[970]= {8159183618174107243291607040, 8159146367706464256000000000} *)

--- edit ---


Okay, why not...



Timing[ndbigger = nearDivisors[80!, 10^20]]
(* Out[1017]= {2070.830000, {100000004179992913920,
100000028588579559040}} *)

80!/ndbigger

(* Out[1018]= \
{715694540546656942785553897344003751254098684983349359903188074751331\
095778689024000000000000000000, \
7156943658557848407002572034351080637013939631522009525004233001820750\

27228721152000000000000000000} *)

--- end edit ---


Comments

Popular posts from this blog

plotting - Plot 4D data with color as 4th dimension

I have a list of 4D data (x position, y position, amplitude, wavelength). I want to plot x, y, and amplitude on a 3D plot and have the color of the points correspond to the wavelength. I have seen many examples using functions to define color but my wavelength cannot be expressed by an analytic function. Is there a simple way to do this? Answer Here a another possible way to visualize 4D data: data = Flatten[Table[{x, y, x^2 + y^2, Sin[x - y]}, {x, -Pi, Pi,Pi/10}, {y,-Pi,Pi, Pi/10}], 1]; You can use the function Point along with VertexColors . Now the points are places using the first three elements and the color is determined by the fourth. In this case I used Hue, but you can use whatever you prefer. Graphics3D[ Point[data[[All, 1 ;; 3]], VertexColors -> Hue /@ data[[All, 4]]], Axes -> True, BoxRatios -> {1, 1, 1/GoldenRatio}]

plotting - Filling between two spheres in SphericalPlot3D

Manipulate[ SphericalPlot3D[{1, 2 - n}, {θ, 0, Pi}, {ϕ, 0, 1.5 Pi}, Mesh -> None, PlotPoints -> 15, PlotRange -> {-2.2, 2.2}], {n, 0, 1}] I cant' seem to be able to make a filling between two spheres. I've already tried the obvious Filling -> {1 -> {2}} but Mathematica doesn't seem to like that option. Is there any easy way around this or ... Answer There is no built-in filling in SphericalPlot3D . One option is to use ParametricPlot3D to draw the surfaces between the two shells: Manipulate[ Show[SphericalPlot3D[{1, 2 - n}, {θ, 0, Pi}, {ϕ, 0, 1.5 Pi}, PlotPoints -> 15, PlotRange -> {-2.2, 2.2}], ParametricPlot3D[{ r {Sin[t] Cos[1.5 Pi], Sin[t] Sin[1.5 Pi], Cos[t]}, r {Sin[t] Cos[0 Pi], Sin[t] Sin[0 Pi], Cos[t]}}, {r, 1, 2 - n}, {t, 0, Pi}, PlotStyle -> Yellow, Mesh -> {2, 15}]], {n, 0, 1}]

plotting - Mathematica: 3D plot based on combined 2D graphs

I have several sigmoidal fits to 3 different datasets, with mean fit predictions plus the 95% confidence limits (not symmetrical around the mean) and the actual data. I would now like to show these different 2D plots projected in 3D as in but then using proper perspective. In the link here they give some solutions to combine the plots using isometric perspective, but I would like to use proper 3 point perspective. Any thoughts? Also any way to show the mean points per time point for each series plus or minus the standard error on the mean would be cool too, either using points+vertical bars, or using spheres plus tubes. Below are some test data and the fit function I am using. Note that I am working on a logit(proportion) scale and that the final vertical scale is Log10(percentage). (* some test data *) data = Table[Null, {i, 4}]; data[[1]] = {{1, -5.8}, {2, -5.4}, {3, -0.8}, {4, -0.2}, {5, 4.6}, {1, -6.4}, {2, -5.6}, {3, -0.7}, {4, 0.04}, {5, 1.0}, {1, -6.8}, {2, -4.7}, {3, -1....