pattern matching - Except[] with levelspec

I am trying to determine all the variables used in list. For This I use:

DeleteDuplicates[Cases[l1,_Symbol,-1]]

This is great except that \Pi etc. are symbols too. I want to add Except to this Cases command to discard numeric symbols but I'm not sure where to add it.

I tried different combinations, but I either get errors, or it will interpret it differently to what I intended.

Alternatively, is there a better way of achieving this?

Answer

As an example, let us consider the following expression:

expr= Log[ 3 Sin[x] + 2 Exp[Pi+ 4 a b + 1/7]];

This is not a polynomial, so the function Variables cannot be used. On level -1 we have the atoms:

Cases[expr,_, {-1}]

(* {2,E,1/7,4,a,b,\[Pi],3,x} *)

Observe that 1/7 is an atom! We restrict ourselves to symbols:

Cases[expr,_Symbol, {-1}]


(* {E,a,b,\[Pi],x} *)

This is not restrictive enough; we only want the symbols that do not have a value. Using Kuba's advice to use function composition:

Cases[ expr, _Symbol?(Not @*  NumericQ), {-1}]

(* {a,b,x} *)

Comments

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I have a list of 4D data (x position, y position, amplitude, wavelength). I want to plot x, y, and amplitude on a 3D plot and have the color of the points correspond to the wavelength. I have seen many examples using functions to define color but my wavelength cannot be expressed by an analytic function. Is there a simple way to do this? Answer Here a another possible way to visualize 4D data: data = Flatten[Table[{x, y, x^2 + y^2, Sin[x - y]}, {x, -Pi, Pi,Pi/10}, {y,-Pi,Pi, Pi/10}], 1]; You can use the function Point along with VertexColors . Now the points are places using the first three elements and the color is determined by the fourth. In this case I used Hue, but you can use whatever you prefer. Graphics3D[ Point[data[[All, 1 ;; 3]], VertexColors -> Hue /@ data[[All, 4]]], Axes -> True, BoxRatios -> {1, 1, 1/GoldenRatio}]

plotting - Adding a thick curve to a regionplot

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