Skip to main content

plotting - Graphically approximating the area under a curve as a sum of rectangular regions


I am completely new to Mathematica. Basically I was trying to write a code to plot a function and draw the approximate area by rectangles. To be more precise, plot a function f on an interval $[a,b]$, choose a step size $n$, divide the interval in n parts (so let's say $h=(b-a)/n$) and then draw the rectangles with coordinates $(a+ih,f(a+ih)),(a+(i+1)h, f(a+(i+1)h))$. I don't know how to store the information relative to the several rectangles. I would like to define a list or array (not sure how to call it) of rectangles parametrized by $i$, so something like:



For[i = 0, i < n, 
R[i] = Rectangle[{a + i h, f[a + i h]}, {a + (i + 1) h, f[a + (i + 1) h]}]]

which clearly doesn't work. I can't seem to find an appropriate way to do this.


I am attaching the code I wrote for a single rectangle, so if you also have any suggestion on how to improve that, it would be greatly appreciated. thank you!


f[x_] := x^2
a = 0
b = 2
n = 3


h = (b - a)/n
R = Rectangle[{a , f[a ]}, {a + h, f[a + h]}]]
r = Graphics[{ Opacity[0.2], Blue, R}]
Show[Plot[f[x], {x, a, b}], r ]



I would like to thank everyone for all of your answers!



Answer



f[x_] := x^2
With[

{a = 0, b = 6, n = 7},
rectangles = Table[
{Opacity[0.05], EdgeForm[Gray], Rectangle[
{a + i (b - a)/n, 0},
{a + (i + 1) (b - a)/n,
Mean[{f[a + i (b - a)/n], f[a + (i + 1) (b - a)/n]}]}
]},
{i, 0, n - 1, 1}
];
Show[

Plot[f[x], {x, a, b}, PlotStyle -> Thick, AxesOrigin -> {0, 0}],
Graphics@rectangles
]
]

Mathematica graphics


Update:


I tried to combine @J. M.'s comment regarding the midpoint vs. "left-" or "right-"valued rectangles, and @belisarius 's fun idea of wrapping this in a Manipulate expression. Here's the outcome:


f[x_] := Sin[x]
Manipulate[

rectangles = Table[
{Opacity[0.05], EdgeForm[Gray], Rectangle[
{a + i (b - a)/n, 0},
{a + (i + 1) (b - a)/n, heightfunction[i]}
]},
{i, 0, n - 1, 1}
];
Show[{
Plot[f[x], {x, a, b}, PlotStyle -> Thick, AxesOrigin -> {0, 0}],
Graphics@rectangles

},
ImageSize -> Large
],
{{a, 0}, -20, 20},
{{b, 6}, -20, 20},
{{n, 15}, 1, 40, 1},
{{heightfunction, (Mean[{f[a + # (b - a)/n],
f[a + (# + 1) (b - a)/n]}] &)}, {
(f[a + # (b - a)/n] &) -> "left",
(Mean[{f[a + # (b - a)/n], f[a + (# + 1) (b - a)/n]}] &) -> "midpoint",

(f[a + (# + 1) (b - a)/n] &) -> "right"
}, ControlType -> SetterBar}
]

For instance, selecting the "right" version of the rectangles by choosing the "right" heightfunction gives the following output for $f(x)=\sin(x)$:


Animation shows three kinds of rectangles


Comments

Popular posts from this blog

plotting - How to draw lines between specified dots on ListPlot?

I would like to create a plot where I have unconnected dots and some connected. So far, I have figured out how to draw the dots. My code is the following: ListPlot[{{1, 1}, {2, 2}, {3, 3}, {4, 4}, {1, 4}, {2, 5}, {3, 6}, {4, 7}, {1, 7}, {2, 8}, {3, 9}, {4, 10}, {1, 10}, {2, 11}, {3, 12}, {4,13}, {2.5, 7}}, Ticks -> {{1, 2, 3, 4}, None}, AxesStyle -> Thin, TicksStyle -> Directive[Black, Bold, 12], Mesh -> Full] I have thought using ListLinePlot command, but I don't know how to specify to the command to draw only selected lines between the dots. Do have any suggestions/hints on how to do that? Thank you. Answer One possibility would be to use Epilog with Line : ListPlot[ {{1, 1}, {2, 2}, {3, 3}, {4, 4}, {1, 4}, {2, 5}, {3, 6}, {4, 7}, {1, 7}, {2, 8}, {3, 9}, {4, 10}, {1, 10}, {2, 11}, {3, 12}, {4, 13}, {2.5, 7}}, Ticks -> {{1, 2, 3, 4}, None}, AxesStyle -> Thin, TicksStyle -> Directive[Black, Bold, 12], Mesh -> Full, Epilog -> { Line[ ...

Is there a way to do conditional matrix loop using 'continue'

I have the following: n = 3; m = 5; ww = RandomReal[{0, 0.1}, {n, n}]; uu = RandomReal[{0, 1}, {m, n}]; pp = RandomReal[{0, 1}, {n, n}]; ss = RandomInteger[{0, 5}, {m, n}]; Grid[{{"ww", "uu", "pp", "ss"}, {ww // TableForm, uu // TableForm, pp // TableForm, ss // TableForm}}, Spacings -> {5, 2}, Dividers -> All] where I would like to look at every element of matrix ss and produce a matrix tt , with zeroes at the locations in ss which have zeroes, and in all other positions do the following: tt = (-1/Subscript[ww, m]) Log[(1 - uu)/(Subscript[pp, m - 1])], where Subscript[ww, m] is the value at index of ww matrix and where Subscript[pp, m - 1] is the value at index-1 of pp matrix. So for example if the first value ever read from matrix ss happens to be 2, then value taken from matrix ww would be from the row 2, but from pp would be from row 1. Also how to tell difference between a 0 as a valid value from within the matrix elemen...

dynamic - How can I make a clickable ArrayPlot that returns input?

I would like to create a dynamic ArrayPlot so that the rectangles, when clicked, provide the input. Can I use ArrayPlot for this? Or is there something else I should have to use? Answer ArrayPlot is much more than just a simple array like Grid : it represents a ranged 2D dataset, and its visualization can be finetuned by options like DataReversed and DataRange . These features make it quite complicated to reproduce the same layout and order with Grid . Here I offer AnnotatedArrayPlot which comes in handy when your dataset is more than just a flat 2D array. The dynamic interface allows highlighting individual cells and possibly interacting with them. AnnotatedArrayPlot works the same way as ArrayPlot and accepts the same options plus Enabled , HighlightCoordinates , HighlightStyle and HighlightElementFunction . data = {{Missing["HasSomeMoreData"], GrayLevel[ 1], {RGBColor[0, 1, 1], RGBColor[0, 0, 1], GrayLevel[1]}, RGBColor[0, 1, 0]}, {GrayLevel[0], GrayLevel...