Skip to main content

linear algebra - Trying to simplify Root expressions from the output of Eigenvalues


I am trying to calculate eigenvalues of a sparse matrix with only two distinct non-zero elements, here Alpha and Beta, which are both negative reals. Mathematica returns some complex expressions with Root[] values when using the Eigenvalues[] command on the following matrixA:



In all cases the matrices are symmetric and real and hence have real eigenvalues.


matrixA={
{α, β, 0, 0, 0, 0, β, 0, 0, β},
{β, α, β, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
{0, β, α, β, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
{0, 0, β, α, β, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
{0, 0, 0, β, α, β, 0, 0, 0, 0},
{0, 0, 0, 0, β, α, β, 0, 0, 0},
{β, 0, 0, 0, 0, β, α, β, 0, 0},
{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, β, α, β, 0},

{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, β, α, β},
{β, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, β, α}
}

For comparison, with all the other similar matrices I've tried (see below e.g. matrixB) Mathematica will put out simple decimal approximations (using Eigenvalues[matrixB] // N // Simplify)


Can anyone point out a way to get expressions for the matrixA as simple as for matrixB?


And yes, the desired simple answers for matrixA do exist, I can get them with other programs, but I want to use Mathematica!




I should add that I already have already used $Assumptions = α<0 && β <0 at the top of my worksheet.


matrixB={

{α, β, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, β},
{β, α, β, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
{0, β, α, β, 0, 0, 0, β, 0, 0},
{0, 0, β, α, β, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
{0, 0, 0, β, α, β, 0, 0, 0, 0},
{0, 0, 0, 0, β, α, β, 0, 0, 0},
{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, β, α, β, 0, 0},
{0, 0, β, 0, 0, 0, β, α, β, 0},
{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, β, α, β},
{β, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, β, α}

}

Answer



Well, I figured out how the other programs do get numeric answers. Of course the trick is to eliminate the symbols. Since matrixA is so simply structured it can be massaged into a non-symbolic form, calculate numerically the eigenvalues of that, and then unmassage them to recover the symbolic eigenvalues. Divide the whole matrix by β then "re-zero" the main diagonal to α/β.


For reference,


reducedmatrixA=({
{0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1},
{1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
{0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
{0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
{0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0},

{0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0},
{1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0},
{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0},
{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1},
{1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0}
} )

numericeigenvalues = Sort[Eigenvalues[reducedmatrixA] // Simplify // N]
symboliceigenvalues = α + β numericeigenvalues


does the trick. Thanks everyone for your pointers on the algebra.


Comments

Popular posts from this blog

front end - keyboard shortcut to invoke Insert new matrix

I frequently need to type in some matrices, and the menu command Insert > Table/Matrix > New... allows matrices with lines drawn between columns and rows, which is very helpful. I would like to make a keyboard shortcut for it, but cannot find the relevant frontend token command (4209405) for it. Since the FullForm[] and InputForm[] of matrices with lines drawn between rows and columns is the same as those without lines, it's hard to do this via 3rd party system-wide text expanders (e.g. autohotkey or atext on mac). How does one assign a keyboard shortcut for the menu item Insert > Table/Matrix > New... , preferably using only mathematica? Thanks! Answer In the MenuSetup.tr (for linux located in the $InstallationDirectory/SystemFiles/FrontEnd/TextResources/X/ directory), I changed the line MenuItem["&New...", "CreateGridBoxDialog"] to read MenuItem["&New...", "CreateGridBoxDialog", MenuKey["m", Modifiers-...

How to thread a list

I have data in format data = {{a1, a2}, {b1, b2}, {c1, c2}, {d1, d2}} Tableform: I want to thread it to : tdata = {{{a1, b1}, {a2, b2}}, {{a1, c1}, {a2, c2}}, {{a1, d1}, {a2, d2}}} Tableform: And I would like to do better then pseudofunction[n_] := Transpose[{data2[[1]], data2[[n]]}]; SetAttributes[pseudofunction, Listable]; Range[2, 4] // pseudofunction Here is my benchmark data, where data3 is normal sample of real data. data3 = Drop[ExcelWorkBook[[Column1 ;; Column4]], None, 1]; data2 = {a #, b #, c #, d #} & /@ Range[1, 10^5]; data = RandomReal[{0, 1}, {10^6, 4}]; Here is my benchmark code kptnw[list_] := Transpose[{Table[First@#, {Length@# - 1}], Rest@#}, {3, 1, 2}] &@list kptnw2[list_] := Transpose[{ConstantArray[First@#, Length@# - 1], Rest@#}, {3, 1, 2}] &@list OleksandrR[list_] := Flatten[Outer[List, List@First[list], Rest[list], 1], {{2}, {1, 4}}] paradox2[list_] := Partition[Riffle[list[[1]], #], 2] & /@ Drop[list, 1] RM[list_] := FoldList[Transpose[{First@li...

dynamic - How can I make a clickable ArrayPlot that returns input?

I would like to create a dynamic ArrayPlot so that the rectangles, when clicked, provide the input. Can I use ArrayPlot for this? Or is there something else I should have to use? Answer ArrayPlot is much more than just a simple array like Grid : it represents a ranged 2D dataset, and its visualization can be finetuned by options like DataReversed and DataRange . These features make it quite complicated to reproduce the same layout and order with Grid . Here I offer AnnotatedArrayPlot which comes in handy when your dataset is more than just a flat 2D array. The dynamic interface allows highlighting individual cells and possibly interacting with them. AnnotatedArrayPlot works the same way as ArrayPlot and accepts the same options plus Enabled , HighlightCoordinates , HighlightStyle and HighlightElementFunction . data = {{Missing["HasSomeMoreData"], GrayLevel[ 1], {RGBColor[0, 1, 1], RGBColor[0, 0, 1], GrayLevel[1]}, RGBColor[0, 1, 0]}, {GrayLevel[0], GrayLevel...