Skip to main content

syntax - What are "" delimiters in box expressions?



If I enter a string (say, "abc") in a cell, and then switch to box representation (Shift+Ctrl+E or menu item Cell ► Show Expression), I see the following:


Cell[BoxData["\"\\""], "Input",
CellChangeTimes->{{3.662918813714031*^9, 3.6629188530623317`*^9}}]

I understand everything in this expression except the delimiters \< and \>. They look like escape sequences (e.g. \\, \") or like symbols used in string representation of boxes (e.g. \(, \!, \*, etc), but I could not find their description anywhere. I experimented a little, and it looks they are ignored within strings (for example StringLength["\<"] evaluates to 0) and rejected as an incorrect input elsewhere.


What do \< and \> mean inside of a string? For what purpose they are automatically added into the low-level representation of a cell? What are their use cases?




$Version 



"10.2.0 for Microsoft Windows (64-bit) (July 7, 2015)"


Answer



Thanks to andre's comment (where this link is provided), I now see the effect of those delimiters (I tested it in Mathematica 11 and also some earlier versions). When I add 2 newlines to the box representation of the cell:


Cell[BoxData["\"\
bc\>\""], "Input",
CellChangeTimes->{{3.662918813714031*^9, 3.6629188530623317`*^9}}]

and switch back using Shift+Ctrl+E, then the cell look like this:



"a

bc"

But if I remove those delimiters:


Cell[BoxData["\"a

bc\""], "Input",
CellChangeTimes->{{3.662918813714031*^9, 3.6629188530623317`*^9}}]


and switch back, then the cell looks like this:


"a  bc"

It seems that the purpose of \<,\> is to delimit ranges within string literals in raw box representations of cells where newlines should be exactly preserved. It looks like they only have effect in that context and are ignored in normal input in newer versions of Mathematica. The legacy documentation suggests that in Mathematica 5 they were significant in all string literals.




Update: I found an old discussion on this topic: [1],[2],[3].


Comments

Popular posts from this blog

plotting - How to draw lines between specified dots on ListPlot?

I would like to create a plot where I have unconnected dots and some connected. So far, I have figured out how to draw the dots. My code is the following: ListPlot[{{1, 1}, {2, 2}, {3, 3}, {4, 4}, {1, 4}, {2, 5}, {3, 6}, {4, 7}, {1, 7}, {2, 8}, {3, 9}, {4, 10}, {1, 10}, {2, 11}, {3, 12}, {4,13}, {2.5, 7}}, Ticks -> {{1, 2, 3, 4}, None}, AxesStyle -> Thin, TicksStyle -> Directive[Black, Bold, 12], Mesh -> Full] I have thought using ListLinePlot command, but I don't know how to specify to the command to draw only selected lines between the dots. Do have any suggestions/hints on how to do that? Thank you. Answer One possibility would be to use Epilog with Line : ListPlot[ {{1, 1}, {2, 2}, {3, 3}, {4, 4}, {1, 4}, {2, 5}, {3, 6}, {4, 7}, {1, 7}, {2, 8}, {3, 9}, {4, 10}, {1, 10}, {2, 11}, {3, 12}, {4, 13}, {2.5, 7}}, Ticks -> {{1, 2, 3, 4}, None}, AxesStyle -> Thin, TicksStyle -> Directive[Black, Bold, 12], Mesh -> Full, Epilog -> { Line[ ...

list manipulation - Selecting multiple columns from a matrix?

Sample data: data = { {{2013, 1, 1}, 24.13, 167.67, 231.82}, {{2013, 1, 2}, 32.15, 170.92, 225.99}, {{2013, 1, 3}, 35.43, 172.68, 221.67}, {{2013, 1, 4}, 36.73, 173.05, 218.32}, {{2013, 1, 5}, 58.19, 165.96, 197.05}, {{2013, 1, 6}, 69.99, 163.50, 187.52}, {{2013, 1, 7}, 71.37, 154.21, 175.58}, {{2013, 1, 8}, 72.51, 149.66, 163.25}}; I want a DateListPlot with three graphs, so for a matrix formed by columns 1 and 2, one for columns 1 and 3, and 1 for columns 1 and 4. At the moment I'm using this code: data2 = Transpose[{data[[All, 1]], data[[All, 2]]}]; data3 = Transpose[{data[[All, 1]], data[[All, 3]]}]; data4 = Transpose[{data[[All, 1]], data[[All, 4]]}]; DateListPlot[{data2, data3, data4}, Joined -> True, Filling -> {3 -> {1}}] but I have a hunch that this can be done more efficiently. I don't like the Transpose s in particular. Any ideas? edit (for extra credit) What if I need to multiply the second column by 2, which in my solution is simp...

plotting - How to draw some 2D curves in a 3D plot?

I want to plot several 2D curves ( Sin[x] at y=0 , Cos[x] at y=1 ) in a 3D plot, what function should i use? f[x_, y_] := Piecewise[{{0, y 0}, {Sin[x], y == 0}}] g[x_, y_] := Piecewise[{{0, y 1}, {Cos[x], y == 1}}] Plot3D[{f[x, y], g[x, y]}, {x, 0, 10}, {y, 0, 10}] doesn't work. Any ideas? Answer ParametricPlot3D[{{Sin[u], 0, u}, {Cos[u], 1, u}}, {u, 0, 20}, BoxRatios -> 1, PlotRange -> {{-2, 2}, {-.5, 2}, {0, 20}}] === update - general thoughts === I've seen the comments to this question and a few other approaches to the waterfall (or wire) plot are given in this question: Plotting several functions . Also I cannot not mention one of my favorite Mathematica blogs - Archery with this post on the story of discovery of 1st pulsar and an its infamous graphics - code is given in the post: