Skip to main content

numerical integration - 2D inhomogeneous biharmonic equation


How to solve a 2D inhomogeneous biharmonic equation with NDSolve?


I tried the following code:


P[x_, y_] := x y
eq = Laplacian[Laplacian[w[x, y], {x, y}], {x, y}] == x*y;
bc = {w[0, y] == w[1, y] == w[x, 0] == w[x, 1] == 0,
Derivative[2, 0][w][0, y] == Derivative[2, 0][w][1, y] ==

Derivative[0, 2][w][x, 0] == Derivative[0, 2][w][x, 1] == 0};
NDSolve[{eq == P[x, y], bc}, w, {x, 0, 1}, {y, 0, 1}]

but it says



NDSolve::femcmsd: The spatial derivative order of the PDE may not exceed two.



How to derive the solution?



Answer



As mentioned in the warning, currently "FiniteElement" method can't handle 4th order spatial derivatives. So let me show you a FDM-based solution. I'll use pdetoae for the generation of difference equation:



P[x_, y_] := x y
eq = Laplacian[Laplacian[w[x, y], {x, y}], {x, y}] == P[x, y];
bc = {w[0, y] == w[1, y] == w[x, 0] == w[x, 1] == 0,
Derivative[2, 0][w][0, y] == Derivative[2, 0][w][1, y] ==
Derivative[0, 2][w][x, 0] == Derivative[0, 2][w][x, 1] == 0} /.
Equal[a__, b_] :> Thread[{a} == b];
{bcy, bcx} = GatherBy[Flatten@bc, FreeQ[#, _[0 | 1, y]] &];
domain = {0, 1};
points = 25;
grid = Array[# &, points, domain];

difforder = 4;
(*Definition of pdetoae isn't included in this code piece,
please find it in the link above.*)
ptoafunc = pdetoae[w[x, y], {grid, grid}, difforder];
var = Outer[w, grid, grid] // Flatten;

del = #[[3 ;; -3]] &;

ae = del /@ del@ptoafunc@eq;
aebcx = ptoafunc@bcx;

aebcy = del /@ ptoafunc@bcy;

{b, m} = CoefficientArrays[{ae, aebcx, aebcy} // Flatten, var];

sollst = LinearSolve[m, -N@b];


Remark


If you have difficulty in understanding the usage of del, the following is an alternative way for calculating sollst:


fullsys = ptoafunc@{eq, bcx, bcy} // Flatten;

{b, m} = CoefficientArrays[fullsys, var];
sollst = LeastSquares[m, -N@b]; // AbsoluteTiming

Notice this approach is slower.



sol = ListInterpolation[Partition[sollst, points], {grid, grid}];

Plot3D[sol[x, y], {x, ##}, {y, ##}] & @@ domain

Mathematica graphics



Notice I've modified the definition of bc because pdetoae can't parse continued equality at the moment i.e. something like a == b == c isn't supported yet.




Solution for the problem in the comments below


The new-added example in the comment has a nonlinear inhomogeneous term, so LinearSolve can't be used any more, we can use FindRoot instead:


nu = 0.33; h = 0.01; Ye = 2 10^11; P1 = 10^5; 
N11[x_, y_] = (Ye h)/(2 (1 - nu^2)) ((D[w[x, y], x])^2 + nu (D[w[x, y], y])^2);
N22[x_, y_] = (Ye h)/(2 (1 - nu^2)) (nu (D[w[x, y], x])^2 + (D[w[x, y], y])^2);
N12[x_, y_] = (Ye h)/(2 (1 + nu)) D[w[x, y], x] D[w[x, y], y] ;
P[x_, y_] =
N11[x, y] D[w[x, y], x, x] - N22[x, y] D[w[x, y], y, y] -

2 N12[x, y] D[w[x, y], x, y] - P1;
eq = (Ye h^3)/(12 (1 - nu^2)) Laplacian[Laplacian[w[x, y], {x, y}], {x, y}] == -P[x,
y]; bc = {w[x, 0] == w[x, 1] == 0,
Derivative[2, 0][w][0, y] == Derivative[2, 0][w][1, y] == 0,
Derivative[0, 2][w][x, 0] == Derivative[0, 2][w][x, 1] ==
0, (Ye h^3)/(12 (1 - nu^2)) (Derivative[3, 0][w][0, y] +
2 Derivative[1, 2][w][0, y]) + P1 Derivative[1, 0][w][0, y] ==
0, (Ye h^3)/(12 (1 - nu^2)) (Derivative[3, 0][w][1, y] +
2 Derivative[1, 2][w][1, y]) + P1 Derivative[1, 0][w][1, y] == 0} /.
Equal[a__, b_] :> Thread[{a} == b];

{bcy, bcx} = GatherBy[Flatten@bc, FreeQ[#, _[0 | 1, y]] &];
domain = {0, 1};
points = 25;
grid = Array[# &, points, domain];
difforder = 4;
(* Definition of pdetoae isn't included in this code piece,
please find it in the link above. *)
ptoafunc = pdetoae[w[x, y], {grid, grid}, difforder];
del = #[[3 ;; -3]] &;
ae = del /@ del@ptoafunc@eq;

aebcx = ptoafunc@bcx;
aebcy = del /@ ptoafunc@bcy;
var = Outer[w, grid, grid] // Flatten;

solrule = FindRoot[Rationalize[{ae, aebcx, aebcy} // Flatten, 0], {#, 0} & /@ var,
WorkingPrecision -> 16]; // AbsoluteTiming
sollst = Replace[solrule, (w[x_, y_] -> z_) :> {x, y, z}, {1}];
sol = Interpolation@sollst;
Plot3D[sol[x, y], {x, ##}, {y, ##}] & @@ domain


Mathematica graphics


Notice setting proper initial values for FindRoot can be troublesome, but luckily it seems not to be a big problem in this case.


Comments

Popular posts from this blog

plotting - How to draw lines between specified dots on ListPlot?

I would like to create a plot where I have unconnected dots and some connected. So far, I have figured out how to draw the dots. My code is the following: ListPlot[{{1, 1}, {2, 2}, {3, 3}, {4, 4}, {1, 4}, {2, 5}, {3, 6}, {4, 7}, {1, 7}, {2, 8}, {3, 9}, {4, 10}, {1, 10}, {2, 11}, {3, 12}, {4,13}, {2.5, 7}}, Ticks -> {{1, 2, 3, 4}, None}, AxesStyle -> Thin, TicksStyle -> Directive[Black, Bold, 12], Mesh -> Full] I have thought using ListLinePlot command, but I don't know how to specify to the command to draw only selected lines between the dots. Do have any suggestions/hints on how to do that? Thank you. Answer One possibility would be to use Epilog with Line : ListPlot[ {{1, 1}, {2, 2}, {3, 3}, {4, 4}, {1, 4}, {2, 5}, {3, 6}, {4, 7}, {1, 7}, {2, 8}, {3, 9}, {4, 10}, {1, 10}, {2, 11}, {3, 12}, {4, 13}, {2.5, 7}}, Ticks -> {{1, 2, 3, 4}, None}, AxesStyle -> Thin, TicksStyle -> Directive[Black, Bold, 12], Mesh -> Full, Epilog -> { Line[ ...

calculus and analysis - Integral of the Sinc product

Let us consider the following integral $$ B_n = \int_0^\infty \prod_{k=1,3,5,\dots}^n\frac{\sin (x/k)}{x/k}dx $$ By definition, Sinc[x] == Sin[x]/x , therefore B[n_?OddQ] := Integrate[Product[Sinc[x/k], {k, 1, n, 2}], {x, 0, Infinity}] B /@ Range[1, 13, 2] {Pi/2, Pi/2, Pi/2, Pi/2, Pi/2, Pi/2, Pi/2} OK, everything is fine. But... B[15] 467807924713440738696537864469 Pi/935615849440640907310521750000 What's going on? Answer As Eckhard wrote in comments B[n] is the n-th Borwein integral . (The letter B was not accidental :) ) This funny properties of Borwein integrals is related to the Fourier transform of Sinc function FourierTransform[Sinc[x], x, k] 1/2 Sqrt[Pi/2] (Sign[1 - k] + Sign[1 + k]) Plot[%, {k, -2, 2}, Filling -> 0] which is the box function. The result is $\pi/2$ while the sum $$ 1/3+1/5+\dots+1/n $$ B_n = \frac{\pi}{2} - \pi \bigg(\sum_{k=3,5,\ldots}^n\frac{1}{k} -1\biggr)^\frac{n-1}{2}\prod_{k=3,5,\dots}^n\frac{k}{k-1}. $$ For $n=15$ it is equal to $$ \frac{46780...

list manipulation - Selecting multiple columns from a matrix?

Sample data: data = { {{2013, 1, 1}, 24.13, 167.67, 231.82}, {{2013, 1, 2}, 32.15, 170.92, 225.99}, {{2013, 1, 3}, 35.43, 172.68, 221.67}, {{2013, 1, 4}, 36.73, 173.05, 218.32}, {{2013, 1, 5}, 58.19, 165.96, 197.05}, {{2013, 1, 6}, 69.99, 163.50, 187.52}, {{2013, 1, 7}, 71.37, 154.21, 175.58}, {{2013, 1, 8}, 72.51, 149.66, 163.25}}; I want a DateListPlot with three graphs, so for a matrix formed by columns 1 and 2, one for columns 1 and 3, and 1 for columns 1 and 4. At the moment I'm using this code: data2 = Transpose[{data[[All, 1]], data[[All, 2]]}]; data3 = Transpose[{data[[All, 1]], data[[All, 3]]}]; data4 = Transpose[{data[[All, 1]], data[[All, 4]]}]; DateListPlot[{data2, data3, data4}, Joined -> True, Filling -> {3 -> {1}}] but I have a hunch that this can be done more efficiently. I don't like the Transpose s in particular. Any ideas? edit (for extra credit) What if I need to multiply the second column by 2, which in my solution is simp...