syntax - Extra empty lists as function arguments

Consider the following piece of code:

Options[f] = {Option -> True};
f[x_, OptionsPattern[]] := Module[{option},
     option = OptionValue@Option;
     If[option, x + 1, x]
]

f[4, {{}, {}}, Option -> True, {}, {}]
f[4, {{}}, {}, {}]

f[4]

5
5
5

Why does the function f ignore that empty lists and returns the same output as without them instead of returning the same input ? How this behaviour can be avoided ?

Answer

Why does the function f ignore that empty lists ...

This is because options can be given in a list, so they can easily be stored and passed around.

opts = {PlotRange -> {-2, 2}, PlotStyle -> Red};
Plot[Sin[x] + Sin[1.4 x], {x, 0, 10}, Evaluate[opts]]

From OptionsPattern:

OptionsPattern matches any sequence or nested list of rules, specified with -> or :>.

Thus an empty list will match, and it is equivalent to giving no options.

How this behaviour can be avoided ?

The best answer really depends on why you want to avoid this, so I am going to stop here. This behaviour is generally preferable. It may be inconvenient when you want to allow both options and optional arguments.

Comments

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