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functions - Why do certain values in ArcSin not fully evaluate?


This is a continuation of: Why do certain fractional values in TriangleWave not evaluate?
The analysis by R.M and rasher revealed that problem to reduce to the behavior of:


ArcSin[Sin[Ï€ / 10]]



ArcSin[1/4 (-1 + Sqrt[5])]

Every other denominator besides ten, at least up to 500,000, automatically evaluates to a simpler form:


 Position[ArcSin[Sin[Ï€ / Range[500000]]], _ArcSin]  (* slow *)


{{10}}


All other coefficient of π with a denominator of ten appear to exhibit the same problem:


ArcSin[Sin[{1, 3, 7, 9, 11} π/10]]


{ArcSin[1/4 (-1 + Sqrt[5])], ArcSin[1/4 (1 + Sqrt[5])], ArcSin[1/4 (1 + Sqrt[5])], 
ArcSin[1/4 (-1 + Sqrt[5])], ArcSin[1/4 (1 - Sqrt[5])]}

FullSimplify reduces the expression:


 ArcSin[Sin[{1, 3, 7, 9, 11} π/10]] // FullSimplify



{π/10, (3 π)/10, (3 π)/10, π/10, -(π/10)}

Is this a bug? Is there some explanation for it?




Before someone points out the obvious: I see that Sin[π/10] evaluates to 1/4 (-1 + Sqrt[5]). But why isn't ArcSin "smart" enough to recognize this value, when it recognizes others? For example Sin[π/12] evaluates to (-1 + Sqrt[3])/(2 Sqrt[2]) but ArcSin correctly recognizes this and outputs π/12.




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