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How to do Cases with multiple related patterns?



I would like to write a function similar to Cases, but can search for a group of related patterns together. For example,


casesList[f[x] g[x] + f[y] + g[y]/f[z], {f[a_], g[a_]}]


{{f[x], g[x]}, {f[y], g[y]}}



By "related patterns", I mean that in the above example a_ matches the same x for both f and g at the first list, and matches y at the second list.


Note that here the input {f[a_], g[a_]} could be any other patterns. As another example,


caseList[D[f[x,y],x] + D[f[x,y],y] + D[g[x,y],x] + D[g[x,y],y],
{D[f_[x_,y_],x_], D[f_[x_,y_],y_]}]



{{Derivative[1, 0][f][x, y], Derivative[0, 1][f][x, y]}, {Derivative[1, 0][g][x, y], Derivative[0, 1][g][x, y]}}



Is there a simple way to do this? Thanks!


EDIT: To further clarify the question, I'd like to compare the situation with Cases for a list. For example,


Cases[{{f[a], f[b]}, {f[c], f[c]}}, {f[a_], f[a_]}, Infinity]


{{f[c], f[c]}}




Cases[{{f[c], f[c]}}, {f[a_], f[b_]}, Infinity]


{{f[c], f[c]}}



In the above two examples, Cases does exactly what I want. However, more generally the expressions which match f[a_] does not necessarily stays in a list structure, but rather may be at elsewhere in the expression. This is the major difficulty I met.



Answer



I'm not entirely sure whether this is right and works correctly, but the following could be an idea for a general rule-based approach. The idea is to use Cases to extract all matching expression separately for the given list of patterns. Let me illustrate this by your simple f example


expr = f[x] g[x] + f[y] + g[y]/f[z];


Cases[expr, #, Infinity, Heads -> True] & /@ {f[a_], g[a_]}
(* {{f[y], f[x], f[z]}, {g[x], g[y]}} *)

Now we have two result lists where all in the first list match f[a_] and all in the second list match g[a_]. Having this, the next step is kind of obvious: We need a replacement rule, where the a_ will match the same in both patterns. Given our result, this should be an easy rule of the following form


{{___,f[a_],___},{___,g[a_],___}} :> {f[a], g[a]}

The only tedious work is to build this rule from the input pattern list {f[a_], g[a_]}. Let's assume we have already build this, then we can use ReplaceList to get all possibilities


ReplaceList[{{f[y], f[x], f[z]}, {g[x], 
g[y]}}, {{___, f[a_], ___}, {___, g[a_], ___}} :> {f[a], g[a]}]

(* {{f[y], g[y]}, {f[x], g[x]}} *)

Looks OK for me. With this in mind, we can write our CasesList combining all ideas. Here you see how the last replacement rule is built automatically


CasesList[expr_, pattern_List] := 
With[{cases = Cases[expr, #, Infinity, Heads -> True] & /@ pattern,
ruleLHS = {___, #, ___} & /@ pattern,
ruleRHS = pattern /. Verbatim[Pattern][arg_, ___] :> arg
},
ReplaceList[cases, ruleLHS :> ruleRHS]
]


Now, let's try this with your second example


CasesList[D[f[x,y],x]+D[f[x,y],y]+D[g[x,y],x]+D[g[x,y],y],
{D[f_[x_,y_],x_],D[f_[x_,y_],y_]}]


{{Derivative[1, 0][f][x, y], Derivative[0, 1][f][x, y]}, {Derivative[1, 0][g][x, y], Derivative[0, 1][g][x, y]}}



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