symbolic - Extract variable and coefficient from equation elegantly

I have quadratic equation like $eq = x2-7*x5^2$ and vector $xx=\{x0,x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,...\}$. I need to do some nice calculations which will give me coefficient $k=7$, $y=x2$ and $x=x5$, so that equation $y=k*x^2$ is the same as my original equation. Eq is a good equation, so finding $k$, $y$ and $x$ is possbile. How can I do this?

Answer

I'm not sure what exactly you want to achieve, but let it be for a start.

eq = x2-7 x5^5

One can extract the list of variables by

xx = Variables[eq]

{x2, x5}

Then, find the list of exponents and coefficients:

rules = CoefficientRules[eq, xx]

{{1, 0} -> 1, {0, 2} -> -7}

The output means that the first coordinate, x2, has power 1 (that comes from the {1,0} part) and a coefficient 1; the second coordinate, x5, has power 2 and coefficient -7. (You can add a term like x2 x5 to see how it works.)

That gives a list of rules that one can use to reproduce the initial polynomial eq with arbitrary variables:

eqNew = FromCoefficientRules[rules, {y, x}]

-7 x^2 + y

I understand that your eq==0, so

Simplify[eqNew == 0]

7 x^2 == y

Or

y = y /. First@Solve[eqNew == 0, y]

7 x^2

assigns 7 x^2 to y:

y

7 x^2

but I don't know how general you want it to be and what purposes should it serve.